/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013
 *	The President and Fellows of Harvard College.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Process support.
 *
 * There is (intentionally) not much here; you will need to add stuff
 * and maybe change around what's already present.
 *
 * p_lock is intended to be held when manipulating the pointers in the
 * proc structure, not while doing any significant work with the
 * things they point to. Rearrange this (and/or change it to be a
 * regular lock) as needed.
 *
 * Unless you're implementing multithreaded user processes, the only
 * process that will have more than one thread is the kernel process.
 */

#include <types.h>
#include <proc.h>
#include <current.h>
#include <addrspace.h>
#include <vnode.h>
#include <vfs.h>
#include <synch.h>
#include <kern/fcntl.h>
#include <list.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <kern/errno.h>

typedef struct list list;
typedef struct procs procs;

//The process for the kernel; this holds all the kernel-only threads.
struct proc * kproc;

// The process array
procs * processes;

// The lock for the above array
struct lock * proclock;

/*
 * Mechanism for making the kernel menu thread sleep while processes are running
 */
#ifdef UW
/* count of the number of processes, excluding kproc */
static volatile unsigned int proc_count;
/* provides mutual exclusion for proc_count */
/* it would be better to use a lock here, but we use a semaphore because locks are not implemented in the base kernel */
static struct semaphore * proc_count_mutex;
/* used to signal the kernel menu thread when there are no processes */
struct semaphore * no_proc_sem;
#endif  // UW



/*
 * Create a proc structure.
 */
static struct proc * proc_create(const char * name)
{
	struct proc * proc;

	proc = kmalloc(sizeof(*proc));
	if (proc == NULL)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	
	proc->p_name = kstrdup(name);
	if (proc->p_name == NULL)
	{
		kfree(proc);
		return NULL;
	}
	
	proc->kids = newlist();
	if (!(proc->kids))
	{
	  kfree(proc);
	  return NULL;
	}

	threadarray_init(&proc->p_threads);
	spinlock_init(&proc->p_lock);
	proc->waitlock = lock_create("threadlock");
	proc->waiting = cv_create("threadcv");

	/* VM fields */
	proc->p_addrspace = NULL;

	/* VFS fields */
	proc->p_cwd = NULL;

#ifdef UW
	proc->console = NULL;
#endif // UW

  // My additions
  proc->pid = 0;
  proc->parent = NULL;
  proc->exitcode = -1;

	return proc;
}

static procs * create_procs(void)
{
  procs * temp = kmalloc(sizeof(procs));
  if (!(temp)) panic("Could not create process list!\n");
  temp->lastpid = PID_MIN - 1;
  return temp;
}

struct proc * getChild(struct proc * p, int pid)
{
  lock_acquire(proclock);
  int result = listearch(p->kids, pid);
  lock_release(proclock);

  if (!(result)) return NULL;
  return processes->pids[pid];
}

int assignpid(struct proc * proc)
{
  lock_acquire(proclock);
  
  for (int i = processes->lastpid + 1; i <= PID_MAX; i++)
  {
    if (processes->pids[i] == 0)
    {
      proc->pid = i;
      processes->lastpid = i;
      processes->pids[i] = proc;
      lock_release(proclock);
      return i;
    }
    
    if (i == PID_MAX)
    {
      i = PID_MIN - 1;
      continue;
    }
    
    if (i == processes->lastpid)
    {
      lock_release(proclock);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  
  lock_release(proclock);
  return 0;
}

void add_child(struct proc * parent, int pid)
{
  listsert(parent->kids, pid);
}

/*
static void delete_procs()
{
  kfree(processes->pids);
  lock_destroy(proclock);
}*/

/*
 * Destroy a proc structure.
 */
void proc_destroy(struct proc * proc)
{
	KASSERT(proc != NULL);
	KASSERT(proc != kproc);

	/*
	 * We don't take p_lock in here because we must have the only
	 * reference to this structure. (Otherwise it would be
	 * incorrect to destroy it.)
	 */
	/* VFS fields */
	if (proc->p_cwd)
	{
		VOP_DECREF(proc->p_cwd);
		proc->p_cwd = NULL;
	}

#ifndef UW  // in the UW version, space destruction occurs in sys_exit, not here
	if (proc->p_addrspace)
	{
		/*
		 * In case p is the currently running process (which
		 * it might be in some circumstances, or if this code
		 * gets moved into exit as suggested above), clear
		 * p_addrspace before calling as_destroy. Otherwise if
		 * as_destroy sleeps (which is quite possible) when we
		 * come back we'll be calling as_activate on a
		 * half-destroyed address space. This tends to be
		 * messily fatal.
		 */
		struct addrspace * as;

		as_deactivate();
		as = curproc_setas(NULL);
		as_destroy(as);
	}
#endif // UW
/*
#ifdef UW
	if (proc->console)
	{
	  vfs_close(proc->console);
	}
#endif // UW */

	//threadarray_cleanup(&proc->p_threads);
  lock_acquire(proclock);
  processes->pids[proc->pid] = NULL; // update available PIDs
  lock_release(proclock);
  lock_destroy(proc->waitlock);
  cv_destroy(proc->waiting);
	kfree(proc->p_name);
	kfree(proc);

#ifdef UW
	/* decrement the process count */
        /* note: kproc is not included as_copy in the process count, but proc_destroy
	   is never called on kproc (see KASSERT above), so we're OK to decrement
	   the proc_count unconditionally here */
	P(proc_count_mutex);
	KASSERT(proc_count > 0);
	proc_count--;

	/* signal the kernel menu thread if the process count has reached zero */
	if (proc_count == 0)
	{
	  V(no_proc_sem);
	}
	V(proc_count_mutex);
#endif // UW
}

/*
 * Create the process structure for the kernel.
 */
void proc_bootstrap(void)
{
  processes = create_procs();
  kproc = proc_create("[kernel]");
  if (kproc == NULL)
  {
    panic("proc_create for kproc failed\n");
  }
#ifdef UW
  proc_count = 0;
  proc_count_mutex = sem_create("proc_count_mutex",1);
  if (proc_count_mutex == NULL)
  {
    panic("could not create proc_count_mutex semaphore\n");
  }
  no_proc_sem = sem_create("no_proc_sem",0);
  if (no_proc_sem == NULL)
  {
    panic("could not create no_proc_sem semaphore\n");
  }
#endif // UW
  
  int processesLen = PID_MAX;
  for (int i = 0; i <= processesLen; i++)
  {
    processes->pids[i] = NULL;
  }

  proclock = lock_create("proclock");
  if (!(proclock)) panic("Process manager lock could not be created!\n");
}

/*
 * Create a fresh proc for use by runprogram.
 *
 * It will have no address space and will inherit the current
 * process's (that is, the kernel menu's) current directory.
 */
struct proc * proc_create_runprogram(const char * name)
{
	struct proc * proc;
	char * console_path;

	proc = proc_create(name);
	if (proc == NULL)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

#ifdef UW
	/* open the console - this should always succeed */
	console_path = kstrdup("con:");
	if (console_path == NULL)
	{
	  panic("unable to copy console path name during process creation\n");
	}
	if (vfs_open(console_path,O_WRONLY,0,&(proc->console)))
	{
	  panic("unable to open the console during process creation\n");
	}
	kfree(console_path);
#endif // UW
	  
	/* VM fields */

	proc->p_addrspace = NULL;

	/* VFS fields */

#ifdef UW
	/* we do not need to acquire the p_lock here, the running thread should
           have the only reference to this process */
        /* also, acquiring the p_lock is problematic because VOP_INCREF may block */
	if (curproc->p_cwd != NULL)
	{
		VOP_INCREF(curproc->p_cwd);
		proc->p_cwd = curproc->p_cwd;
	}
#else // UW
	spinlock_acquire(&curproc->p_lock);
	if (curproc->p_cwd != NULL)
	{
		VOP_INCREF(curproc->p_cwd);
		proc->p_cwd = curproc->p_cwd;
	}
	spinlock_release(&curproc->p_lock);
#endif // UW

#ifdef UW
	/* increment the count of processes */
        /* we are assuming that all procs, including those created by fork(),
           are created using a call to proc_create_runprogram  */
	P(proc_count_mutex);
	proc_count++;
	if (!(assignpid(proc)))
	{
	  kfree(proc);
	  return NULL;
	}
	V(proc_count_mutex);
#endif // UW

	return proc;
}

/*
 * Add a thread to a process. Either the thread or the process might
 * or might not be current.
 */
int proc_addthread(struct proc * proc, struct thread * t)
{
	int result;

	KASSERT(t->t_proc == NULL);

	spinlock_acquire(&proc->p_lock);
	result = threadarray_add(&proc->p_threads, t, NULL);
	spinlock_release(&proc->p_lock);
	if (result)
	{
		return result;
	}
	t->t_proc = proc;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Remove a thread from its process. Either the thread or the process
 * might or might not be current.
 */
void proc_remthread(struct thread * t)
{
	struct proc *proc;
	unsigned i, num;

	proc = t->t_proc;
	KASSERT(proc != NULL);

	spinlock_acquire(&proc->p_lock);
	/* ugh: find the thread in the array */
	num = threadarray_num(&proc->p_threads);
	for (i=0; i<num; i++)
	{
		if (threadarray_get(&proc->p_threads, i) == t)
		{
			threadarray_remove(&proc->p_threads, i);
			spinlock_release(&proc->p_lock);
			t->t_proc = NULL;
			return;
		}
	}
	/* Did not find it. */
	spinlock_release(&proc->p_lock);
	panic("Thread (%p) has escaped from its process (%p)\n", t, proc);
}

/*
 * Fetch the address space of the current process. Caution: it isn't
 * refcounted. If you implement multithreaded processes, make sure to
 * set up a refcount scheme or some other method to make this safe.
 */
struct addrspace * curproc_getas(void)
{
	struct addrspace *as;
#ifdef UW
        /* Until user processes are created, threads used in testing
         * (i.e., kernel threads) have no process or address space.
         */
	if (curproc == NULL)
  {
		return NULL;
	}
#endif

	spinlock_acquire(&curproc->p_lock);
	as = curproc->p_addrspace;
	spinlock_release(&curproc->p_lock);
	return as;
}

/*
 * Change the address space of the current process, and return the old
 * one.
 */
struct addrspace * curproc_setas(struct addrspace * newas)
{
	struct addrspace * oldas;
	struct proc * proc = curproc;

	spinlock_acquire(&proc->p_lock);
	oldas = proc->p_addrspace;
	proc->p_addrspace = newas;
	spinlock_release(&proc->p_lock);
	return oldas;
}