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<title>printf</title>
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<h2 align=center>printf</h2>
<h4 align=center>OS/161 Reference Manual</h4>

<h3>Name</h3>
printf - print formatted output

<h3>Library</h3>
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

<h3>Synopsis</h3>
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;<br>
<br>
int<br>
printf(const char *<em>format</em>, ...);

<h3>Description</h3>

printf prints formatted text to standard output. The text is generated
from the <em>format</em> argument and subsequent arguments according
to the following rules.
<p>

Characters in <em>format</em> that are not the percent sign (`%') are
printed verbatim. When a percent sign is encountered, the next
argument of the arguments following <em>format</em> is retrieved and
printed. The type of the argument expected, as well as some simple
formatting instructions, are derived from the characters following the
percent sign.
<p>

The following characters designate types to print. One of these
characters concludes the format sequence begun with a percent sign,
and also determines the type expected as an argument.

<blockquote>
<table width=90%>
<tr><td width=5%>%</td>	<td>A percent sign is printed; no argument 
				is consumed.</td></tr>
<tr><td>c</td>	<td>Character (char, passed as int)</td></tr>
<tr><td>d</td>	<td>Signed integer printed in decimal</td></tr>
<tr><td>o</td>	<td>Unsigned integer printed in octal</td></tr>
<tr><td>p</td>	<td>Pointer (void *)</td></tr>
<tr><td>s</td>	<td>String (const char *)</td></tr>
<tr><td>u</td>	<td>Unsigned integer printed in decimal</td></tr>
<tr><td>x</td>	<td>Unsigned integer printed in hexadecimal</td></tr>
<tr><td>X</td>	<td>Unsigned integer printed in uppercase hex</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>

The following characters are modifiers; they can be found between the
percent sign and the type designator.

<blockquote>
<table width=90%>
<tr><td width=5% valign=top>#</td> <td>Select an "alternate
				format". On integer formats this
				causes the C base prefix to be printed
				along with the integer. On other
				formats, this has no effect.</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top>l</td> <td>Assume an integer argument is long or
				unsigned long instead of int or
				unsigned int.</td></tr> 
<tr><td valign=top>0-9</td> <td>Digits are treated as a decimal number,
				which is considered to be the field
				width. The argument is printed 
				right-aligned in a field that many
				characters wide.</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top>0</td> <td>If the field width has a leading 0, the
				padding character for alignment is
				made 0 (zero) instead of
				space.</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top>-</td> <td>If a field width is given, use it for
				left alignment instead of right
				alignment.</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>

<h3>Restrictions</h3>

Note that this is a limited printf implementation - it has no support
for precisions (".number" as a modifier), floating-point formats,
field widths passed as arguments, or the rarely-used `+' and ` '
modifiers.

<h3>Return Values</h3>
printf returns the number of characters printed.

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